Sterilization: Autoclaves employ heat and pressurized steam to achieve sterilization. They can kill or inactivate a wide range of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, spores, and fungi.

High Pressure and Temperature: Autoclaves operate at high pressure (typically 15-17 psi) and elevated temperatures (typically around 121°C or 250°F) to achieve sterilization. The combination of heat and pressure is highly effective in destroying microorganisms.

Chamber: The autoclave chamber is where the items to be sterilized are placed. It is typically made of stainless steel, which can withstand the high temperatures and pressures.

Control Panel: Autoclave machines have control panels with settings for temperature, pressure, and sterilization time. Some advanced models may have digital touchscreens for ease of use.

Safety Features: Autoclaves are equipped with safety features to prevent accidents. These may include pressure relief valves, locking mechanisms, and interlocks that ensure the chamber remains sealed during operation.

Loading and Unloading: Autoclaves have loading and unloading procedures to ensure that items are properly arranged to allow for effective sterilization. Proper loading is crucial for sterilization to occur.

Drying Cycle: After the sterilization cycle, many autoclaves have a drying cycle to remove excess moisture from the sterilized items, preventing contamination during storage.

Cycle Monitoring: Autoclaves have built-in sensors and gauges to monitor the temperature, pressure, and other parameters during the sterilization process. Any deviations from the set parameters may trigger an alarm.

Compliance with Standards: Autoclaves used in healthcare settings must comply with regulatory standards and guidelines, such as those set by organizations like the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA).

Variety of Sizes: Autoclave machines come in various sizes, from small tabletop models used in dental offices to large, floor-standing units in hospitals and laboratories.

Application: Autoclaves are used in a wide range of applications, including medical and dental offices, hospitals, laboratories, pharmaceutical manufacturing, and the food industry, among others.

Validation: Autoclaves require regular validation and maintenance to ensure they are functioning correctly and consistently achieving sterilization. This often involves testing their effectiveness using biological and chemical indicators.